MacArthur, R. H. & Wilson, E. O. The Theory of Island Biogeographyvol. 1 (Princeton University Press, 1967).
Gillespie, R. G. & Baldwin, B. G. in The Theory of Island Biogeography Revisited (eds Losos, J. & Ricklefs, R. E.) 358–387 (Princeton Univ. Press, 2010).
Ås, S., Bengtsson, J. & Ebenhard, T. Archipelagoes and theories of insularity. Ecological Bulletins. 46, 88–116 (1997).
Leidinger, L. & Sarmento Cabral, J. Biodiversity dynamics on islands: explicitly accounting for causality in mechanistic models. Divers. (Basel). 9, 30 (2017).
Dawson, M. N. Island and island-like marine environments. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 25, 831–846 (2016).
Itescu, Y. Are island-like systems biologically similar to islands? A review of the evidence. Ecography 42, 1298–1314 (2019).
Meyer, K. S. Islands in a sea of mud: insights from terrestrial island theory for community assembly on insular marine substrata. in Advances in marine biology vol. 76 1–40Elsevier, (2017).
Lyons, M. M. et al. Theory of Island biogeography on a microscopic scale: organic aggregates as Islands for aquatic pathogens. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 60, 1–13 (2010).
Kuris, A. M., Blaustein, A. R. & Alio, J. J. Hosts as Islands. Am. Nat. 116, 570–586 (1980).
Stoddart, D. R. Ecology and morphology of recent coral reefs. Biol. Rev. 44, 433–498 (1969).
Vallès, H., Miller, S. & Oxenford, H. A. The effect of microhabitat patch size on settlement differs among co-occurring coral reef fishes. Coral Reefs. 39, 487–492 (2020).
Ávila, E. & Ortega-Bastida, A. L. Influence of habitat and host morphology on macrofaunal assemblages associated with the sponge Halichondria melanadocia in an estuarine system of the Southern Gulf of Mexico. Mar. Ecol. 36, 1345–1353 (2015).
Koukouras, A., Russo, A., Voultsiadou-Koukoura, E., Arvanitidis, C. & Stefanidou, D. Macrofauna associated with sponge species of different morphology. Mar. Ecol. 17, 569–582 (1996).
Westinga, E. & Hoetjes, P. C. The intrasponge fauna of Spheciospongia Vesparia (Porifera, Demospongiae) at Curaçao and Bonaire. Mar. Biol. 62, 139–150 (1981).
Beaulieu, S. E. Life on glass houses: sponge stalk communities in the deep sea. Mar. Biol. 138, 803–817 (2001).
Gerovasileiou, V., Chintiroglou, C. C., Konstantinou, D. & Voultsiadou, E. Sponges as living hotels in mediterranean marine caves. Sci. Mar. 80, 279–289 (2016).
Bell, J. J. The functional roles of marine sponges. Estuar. Coast Shelf Sci. 79, 341–353 (2008).
Maldonado, M. et al. Springer International Publishing,. Sponge Grounds as Key Marine Habitats: A Synthetic Review of Types, Structure, Functional Roles, and Conservation Concerns. in Marine animal forests: The ecology of benthic biodiversity hotspots (eds. Rossi, S., Bramanti, L., Gori, A. & Orejas Saco del Valle, C.) 1–39 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17001-5_24-1
Goren, L., Idan, T., Shefer, S. & Ilan, M. Macrofauna inhabiting massive demosponges from shallow and mesophotic habitats along the Israeli mediterranean Coast. Front. Mar. Sci. 7, 612779 (2021).
Goren, L., Idan, T., Shefer, S. & Ilan, M. Sponge-Associated polychaetes: not a random assemblage. Front. Mar. Sci. 8, 695163 (2021).
Pearse, A. S. Notes on the inhabitants of certain sponges at bimini. Ecology 31, 149–151 (1950).
Rützler, K. Ecology of Tunisian commercial sponges. Tethys 7, 249–264 (1976).
Duffy, J. E. Host use patterns and demography in a guild of tropical sponge- dwelling shrimps. Mar. Ecol. Prog Ser. 90, 127–138 (1992).
Wulff, J. L. Ecological interactions of marine sponges. Canadian J. Zoology Preprint At. https://doi.org/10.1139/z06-019 (2006).
Koukouras, A., Voultsiadou-Koukoura, E., Chintiroglou, H. & Dounas, C. Benthic bionomy of the North Aegean sea. III: A comparison of the macrobenthic animal assemblages associated with seven sponge species. Cah Biol. Mar. 26, 300–319 (1985).
Peattie, M. E. & Hoare, R. The Sublittoral ecology of the Menai strait: II. The sponge Halichondria panicea (Pallas) and its associated fauna. Estuar. Coast Shelf Sci. 13, 621–635 (1981).
Çinar, M. E., Katagan, T., Ergen, Z. & Sezgin, M. Zoobenthos-inhabiting Sarcotragus muscarum (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Aegean sea. Hydrobiologia 482, 107–117 (2002).
Ribeiro, S. M., Omena, E. P. & Muricy, G. Macrofauna associated to Mycale microsigmatosa (Porifera, Demospongiae) in Rio de Janeiro state, SE Brazil. Estuar. Coast Shelf Sci. 57, 951–959 (2003).
Savin, A. et al. Assessment of macroalgal communities on shallow Rocky reefs in the Aegean sea indicates an impoverished ecological status. Mediterr. Mar. Sci. 24, 241–258 (2023).
SKOURADAKIS, G., VERNADOU, E., KOULOURI, P. & DAILIANIS, T. Mass mortality of the invasive echinoid Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) in crete, East mediterranean sea. Mediterr. Mar. Sci. 25, 480–483 (2024).
Beijbom, O., Edmunds, P. J., Kline, D. I., Mitchell, B. G. & Kriegman, D. Automated annotation of coral reef survey images. in IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition 1170–1177 (IEEE, 2012). 1170–1177 (IEEE, 2012). (2012).
Beijbom, O. et al. Towards automated annotation of benthic survey images: variability of human experts and operational modes of automation. PLoS One. 10, e0130312 (2015).
Shihavuddin, A. S. M., Gracias, N., Garcia, R., Gleason, A. C. R. & Gintert, B. Image-based coral reef classification and thematic mapping. Remote Sens. (Basel). 5, 1809–1841 (2013).
Gerovasileiou, V. et al. Assessing the regional conservation status of sponges (Porifera): the case of the Aegean ecoregion. Mediterr. Mar. Sci. 19, 526–537 (2018).
Enrichetti, F. et al. Keratose-dominated sponge grounds from temperate mesophotic ecosystems (NW mediterranean Sea). Mar. Ecol. 41, e12620 (2020).
Stamouli, C., Gerovasileiou, V. & Voultsiadou, E. Sponge community patterns in mesophotic and Deep-Sea habitats in the Aegean and ionian seas. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 11, 2204 (2023).
Shapiro, S. S. & Wilk, A. M. B. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples)! Biometrika 52, 591–611 (1965).
Levene, H. Robust tests for equality of variances. In Contributions to Probability and Statistics: Essays in Honor of Harold Hotelling (eds Olkin, I., Hotelling, H. et al.) 278–292 (Stanford University Press, 1960).
Legendre, P. & Legendre, L. F. J. Numerical Ecology (Elsevier, 2012).
Bray, J. R. & Curtis, J. T. An ordination of the upland forest communities of Southern Wisconsin. Ecol. Monogr. 27, 325–349 (1957).
Clarke, K. R. Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Aust. J. Ecol. 18, 117–143 (1993).
RCoreTeam., R. A language and environment for statistical computing (Version 4.2. 2). R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Preprint at (2022).
TeamRStudio. RStudio. Integrated Development Environment for R. Posit Software (PBC, 2023).
Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F. G. & Friendly, M. vegan: community ecology package version 2.6-4 Available from https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan. Preprint at (2023).
Rossi, J. P. Introduction to the R package rich. (2016).
Pinheiro, J., Bates, D., DebRoy, S., Sarkar, D. & Team, R. C. nlme: linear and nonlinear mixed effects models. R package version 3.1–140. See (2019). See https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/nlme/index.html.
Wickham, H., Chang, W. & Wickham, M. H. Package ‘ggplot2’. Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using Gramm. Graphics Version. 2, 1–189 (2016).
Idan, T., Shefer, S., Chatzigeorgiou, G., Gerovasileiou, V. & Goren, L. Community composition, richness, and density of endobionts from two sponge species in crete, greece, June 2021 ver 1. Environmental Data Initiative https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?packageid=edi.1568.1 (2024).
Henkel, T. P. & Pawlik, J. R. Habitat use by sponge-dwelling brittlestars. Mar. Biol. 146, 301–313 (2005).
Koukouras, A., Russo, A., Voultsiadou-Koukoura, E., Dounas, C. & Chintiroglou, C. Relationship of sponge macrofauna with the morphology of their hosts in the North Aegean sea. Int. Revue Der Gesamten Hydrobiol. Und Hydrographie. 77, 609–619 (1992).
MacArthur, R. H., Diamond, J. M. & Karr, J. R. Density compensation in Island faunas. Ecology 53, 330–342 (1972).
Coker, D. J., Wilson, S. K. & Pratchett, M. S. Importance of live coral habitat for reef fishes. Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. 24, 89–126 (2014).
Munday, P. L. Does habitat availability determine geographical-scale abundances of coral-dwelling fishes? Coral Reefs. 21, 105–116 (2002).
Debinski, D. M. & Holt, R. D. A survey and overview of habitat fragmentation experiments. Conserv. Biol. 14, 342–355 (2000).
Bolger, D. T., Beard, K. H., Suarez, A. V. & Case, T. J. Increased abundance of native and non-native spiders with habitat fragmentation. Divers. Distrib. 14, 655–665 (2008).
Křivan, V., Cressman, R. & Schneider, C. The ideal free distribution: a review and synthesis of the game-theoretic perspective. Theor. Popul. Biol. 73, 403–425 (2008).
Hultgren, K. M., Hurt, C. & Anker, A. Phylogenetic relationships within the snapping shrimp genus Synalpheus (Decapoda: Alpheidae). Mol. Phylogenet Evol. 77, 116–125 (2014).
Ďuriš, Z., Horka, I., Juračka, P. J., Petrusek, A. & Sandford, F. These squatters are not innocent: the evidence of parasitism in sponge-inhabiting shrimps. PLoS One. 6, e21987 (2011).
Ereskovsky, A. V. & Tokina, D. B. Morphology and fine structure of the swimming larvae of Ircinia Oros (Porifera, demospongiae, Dictyoceratida). Invertebr Reprod. Dev. 45, 137–150 (2004).
Maldonado, M. & Bergquist, P. R. Phylum Porifera. In ‘Atlas of Marine Invertebrate Larvae’.(Ed. CM Young.) pp. 21–50. Preprint at (2002).
Riesgo, A. et al. Some like it fat: comparative ultrastructure of the embryo in two demosponges of the genus Mycale (order poecilosclerida) from Antarctica and the Caribbean. PLoS One. 10, e0118805 (2015).
Pavloudi, C., Christodoulou, M. & Mavidis, M. Macrofaunal assemblages associated with the sponge Sarcotragus foetidus schmidt, 1862 (Porifera: Demospongiae) at the Coasts of Cyprus and Greece. Biodivers Data J. 4, pe8210 (2016).
Voultsiadou-Koukoura, H. E., Koukouras, A. & Eleftheriou, A. Macrofauna associated with the sponge Verongia aerophoba in the North Aegean sea. Estuar. Coast Shelf Sci. 24, 265–278 (1987).
Smit, N. J., Bruce, N. L. & Hadfield, K. A. Parasitic Crustacea: State of Knowledge and Future Trendsvol. 3 (Springer, 2019).
Navarro-Barranco, C. et al. Amphipods in mediterranean marine and anchialine caves: new data and overview of existing knowledge. Divers. (Basel). 15, 1180 (2023).
Zenetos, A. et al. Is the trend in new introductions of marine non-indigenous species a reliable criterion for assessing good environmental status? Τhe case study of Greece. Mediterr. Mar. Sci. 21, 775–793 (2020).
ATEŞ, A. S., BAKIR, K., ÖZCAN, T. & KATAĞAN, T. Two new records of Caridean shrimps from Turkish waters: Eaulus sollaudi (Zariquiey cenarro, 1935) (Caridea, Hippolyte) and Palaemonella rotumana (Borradaile, 1898) (Caridea, Palaemonidae). Turkish J. Zool. 33, 469–472 (2009).
Galil, B., Froglia, C., Noël, P. & Brand, F. CIESM Atlas of exotic species in the Mediterranean: Vol. 2: Crustaceans: Decapods and stomatopods. (2002).